Preparing an Annotated Bibliography Essay - 902 Words

Preparing an Annotated Bibliography Lai, I. K. W., amp; Lam, F. K. S. (2010). Perception of various performance criteria by stakeholders in the construction sector Hong Kong. Construction Management amp; Economics, 28, 377- 391. doi:10.1080/01446190903521515 Ivan Lai from Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau and Frankie Lam from University of South Australia, Adelaide used a research model based on nine performance benchmarks and their corresponding performances. The intent of this research is to analyze the participants concern about the significance of perceived performance criteria and their relevant performance results in a construction project. The data of total 324 practitioners who were engaged in construction†¦show more content†¦Their research only supported three hypotheses issuing differences in the apprehension of performances of different practitioners in construction projects, different project kinds, and different practical roles in the partnering companies. These findings have been backed by Soetanto, Proverbs and Holt (2001), revealing deviations in the level of importance that was ascribed to differing performance criteria. In conclusion, Lai and Lam research clearly shows that people have differen t kinds of approach as far as criteria are concerned to measure their performance. Kozub, R. M. 2010. An anova analysis of the relationships between business students’ learning styles and effectiveness of web based instructions. American Journal of Business Education, 3, 89-98 Dr. Robert Kozub, an associate professor in the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, administered an analysis by using a sample of 159 Taxes and Personal Finance undergraduate students to examine the likely learning performance of students under web based usage. Dr. Kozub adopted four learning styles as determined by Kolb’s Learning Styles Inventory (LSI-IIa) and characterized them as Accommodator, Diverger, Converger, and Assimilator. He also used two web inserted instruction modules namely, text version and enhanced version with multimedia components. Of the 159 participants, 81 participants concluded in favor ofShow MoreRelatedGeneral Movements Assessment ( An Annotated Bibliography1587 Words   |  7 Pages †¢ General Movements Assessment (Summer 2014) o As an innovative teaching practice, the student completed an annotated bibliography regarding the General Movements Assessment (see Artifact XI.F.vi.1). This annotated bibliography was subsequently utilized for development of the Institutional Review Board Application (submitted to Cleveland Clinic and Cleveland State University) as well as with faculty development of regional and national conference presentations (Using Prechtl’s Assessment of GeneralRead MoreExamples Of Congressional Briefing1023 Words   |  5 PagesCongressional Briefing Extra Credit I. Was the assignment description clear? †¢ The assignment was completely clear. You provided us with detailed instructions for each task or section (annotated bibliography, briefing group meeting, and the briefing report). †¢ You even provided us with an example of how an annotated bibliography should look like and what was considered a peer reviewed academic article, which I think was very helpful. †¢ You even provided us with what would count as participation, which IRead MoreReading Choosing Civility For English 102 And Most Useful Assignment Or Activity And Why?878 Words   |  4 Pagessince I read the book. Prompt 3: Reflect on the annotated bibliography experience. How did it help you in writing or preparing to write your position paper? Unlike many students, I did not mind doing the annotated bibliography. I found that it took a long time to complete. It was a challenge to find scholarly articles and use the databases. Even though it was time consuming and a challenge if found it beneficial. It was my first annotated bibliography so it helped me learn and practice creating oneRead MoreEssay on How To Write Using the APA Writing Style1597 Words   |  7 Pagesone’s own work. It normally includes a title page, introduction section, and a list of references. Many confuse a literature review with an annotated bibliography, but the difference between a literature review and an annotated bibliography is that an annotated bibliography only summarizes briefly about an article that one viewed while an annotated bibliography focuses specifically on a topic. An experimental report, also know as â€Å"lab reports† is put shortly, a â€Å"story† of ones research where someoneRead MoreShould Women Be Allowed During Combat The Us Armed Forces?1561 Words   |  7 PagesCollect Information I believe I have more than enough sources to fall back on and expand my horizons with my annotated bibliography notes. When I was preparing for the annotated bibliography assignment I found some excellent sites that I did not use for that assignment and I will be going back to my notes and use some of the sites that I that I did not chose to add to my annotated bibliography. I also will be going back to Rio Salado’s Library online article database and review some journalist articlesRead MoreSignature Assesment Essay examples1054 Words   |  5 Pagesthe work I will do for NCU. I would like to use a thinking website to challenge my brain. I need thinking tips and using higher productivity as well as clarity of thought to write papers with integrity. 6. Preparing an Annotated bibliography-When I will prepare an annotated bibliography, I will use the NCU library as well as all the skill builders plus proof readers. 7. Creating Actionable Goals related to obtaining your Graduate Degree- All the goals that I plan to use will be strong and hopefullyRead MoreDevry Engl 147 All Discussion Questions – Graded1196 Words   |  5 Pages Preparing the Research Proposal (graded) How important is it to be personally invested in an idea? Can you sell an idea that you have no stake in? Why or why not? Using one of the resources from the Course Readings, provide an example of an author who is communicating in a way that tells a reader that the author is credible and is a trustworthy source. WEEK 4 Annotated Bibliography Entries (graded) In your textbook (pp. 325–326), you’ll find a model of an annotated bibliographyRead MoreJadm 430 Complete Course - Devry ( All Assignments - Dqs and Midterm Exam)3666 Words   |  15 Pages2, 5, and 6. There are four components to the Course Project. †¢ title page, topic discussion, and a list of three references †¢ annotated outline †¢ annotated bibliography †¢ Final Paper Requirements †¢ APA guidelines must be followed for all course component deliverables. †¢ At least six authoritative, outside references are required for the annotated bibliography and the Final Paper. †¢ All DeVry University policies are in effect, including the plagiarism policy. †¢ The Final Paper isdue inRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography of Articles on Service Learning839 Words   |  3 PagesService Learning Annotated Bibliography American Association of Community Colleges. (2011). Service Learning. HYPERLINK http://www.aacc.nche.edu www.aacc.nche.edu. The source offered by the American Association of Community Colleges (AACC) details the growing emphasis on service learning in higher-education contexts. Particularly, the source offers a number of statistical figures indicating that 60% of all community colleges offer some comprehensive form of service-learning curriculum. ThisRead MoreReflection On The Field Of Organizational Psychology963 Words   |  4 Pagesapproaches. However, becoming more fluent in each of these methods is what I strive for. In order to do this I plan to continue to learn as much as I can from future courses, and on my own accord. In creating abbreviated research plans and annotated bibliographies throughout this course I learned a lot about my writing skills. According to Laureate Education, Inc. (2009b), writing is an essential piece of research (Laureate Education, Inc., 2009b). Writing is relevant in the research process. In documenting

Analysis Of The Book Two And Three Things I Know For Sure

In the book ‘Two or Three things i know for sure’, Dorothy Allison who tells her story growing up in a memoir and she uses her experiences to explain the two or The things she learned. What makes this her story stand out is not just that it s a memoir but also because the main point is beauty and how women in her family were put down and abused because of their appearance. Throughout this whole book Dorothy tries to send out one important message on beauty which from my understanding beauty is not based on what men say or society says, we live in a world where a woman s beauty is determined whether a man find hers beautiful and that must stop. Timothy Dow Adams who read’s ‘Two or Three things i know for sure’ writes his review on it, and his understanding of Dorothy Allison s points of views. In pages 32 through 34 from the Book ‘Two or Three things i know for sure’ Dorothy includes an image of her family, more specifically the women in her family. Now in page 32 Dorothy explained that the women on her family were not considered beautiful stating, â€Å"the women of my family were measured, manlike, sexless, bearers of babies, burden and concept† (Pg.32) with that she incorporates the image of the women were she says that they look â€Å"exhausted†, â€Å"old†, â€Å"ugly† and she goes on to give a brief description of the type of clothing they were wearing and on their appearance where she say’s â€Å"solid, stolid, widehipped baby machines. We were all wide- hipped andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Dorothy Allison s Book Two Or Three Things I Know For Sure 1677 Words   |  7 PagesThis semester we have done many reading’s that have touched on topics such as race, gender, sextuality, and more. One reading that stands out though is Dorothy Allison s book â€Å"Two or Three Things I Know For Sure.† This reading discusses Dorothy s childhood in a way where you get th e picture of the true effects of poverty on her family, and herself. This look into her life can show the reader a real life depiction of her emotions and feelings at any given time in her life. This story of her lifeRead MoreMy Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Pearl Essay952 Words   |  4 Pagesthe years of high school English I have taken, I’ve become more and more aware of my strengths and weaknesses. The Pearl Essay was the first paper I wrote analysisinp a book. Writing The Pearl essay made me more aware of strengths and weakness I didn t even know I had. Ive realized that I struggle with being redundant, having a strong introduction and keeping everything related to the thesis. Although I stumbled upon some weaknesses I wasn t aware that I had, I also found some of my strengths.Read MoreStudy Skills Guide For Note Making Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagessubject, right? No, of course you don’t. You’ve got to start off with an essay plan. By designing this you’ll come up with the structure. A well thought-out structure is at the heart of every good essay. What is a good structure? It isn’t enough to make sure that you have an introduction at the start, a conclusion at the end, and the other stuff in between. So what do you need? 1. You do need a solid introduction. It will probably contain something about how you have interpreted the question, and it isRead MoreAnalyzing and Summarizing Math Data1438 Words   |  6 Pagesliving in the household) 4. YEARS (the number of years that the customer has lived in the current location) 5. CREDIT BALANCE (the customers current credit card balance on the store s credit card, in $). |PROJECT PART A: Exploratory Data Analysis | | †¢ Open the file MATH533 Sept 2013 Project Consumer.xls from the Course Project Data Set folder in Doc Sharing. †¢ Students MUST downloadRead MoreMaruti Suzuki s Market For New Learners Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pagesfactors etc. Fundamental Departments in CM Auto Sales There were mainly three departments working in CM Auto Sales. All were located nearby Chandigarh and relates to one another. Following are the department of CM Auto Sales located in tricity of Chandigarh:- 1. Accounts Department As the name states, accounts department handles all the records of accounts of various firm, issuing cheques, employment funds, book keeping, financial statements and all other records. Following are the main dutiesRead More5 forces of Porter Rolls Royce1629 Words   |  7 Pages(+1) forces of Porter matrice: For this case I will use the company Rolls Royce. Not the one which build cars but the historic one which create motors for aviation, marine or energetic solution. First let’s have a presentation of this company: Rolls Royce was founded by two men in 1906 in England, Henry Royce and Charles Rolls. They were producing motors for planes. The important thing we have to know is their motors were used a lot during the two World War. For example during the first oneRead MoreTrail of Tears1191 Words   |  5 PagesStandards: Students will read, write, listen, and speak for information and understanding. Students will read, write, listen, and speak for literary response and expression. Students will read, write, listen, and speak for critical analysis and evaluation Lesson Objectives: Students will: -Read and understand how â€Å"Weasel† relates to US and Native American history -Explore the history and culture of Native Americans -Read and understand primary and secondary documents thatRead MoreThe Ethical Analysis Assignment Is Still Alice By Lisa Genova1618 Words   |  7 PagesSummary The book that I chose for the Ethical Analysis assignment is Still Alice by Lisa Genova. The book revolves around, Alice Howland, a 50 year-old linguistics professor at Harvard University. In the beginning of the book, Alice seems to be in perfect health. She runs frequently and seems to be in great physical shape, but she soon realizes that something isn’t quite right. Alice begins forgetting small things, such as to sending an email to someone in her department for work, which she attributesRead MoreSummary Of If You Give A Mouse A Muffin 980 Words   |  4 Pagesthird visit I started to keep running records of Jimmy’s reading. I collected three samples of his reading to be able to really asses his reading using miscue analysis and his CWPM (correct words per minute) and his WPM (words per minute). The first book that Jimmy selected was an AR book that was titled â€Å"War of the Worlds†. Based off of the AR guidelines it was a 3.2 reading level. This means third grade second six weeks. The next two samples were from a book that I selected. That book was titledRead MoreMy First College English Class973 Words   |  4 Pagessemester in English 111 I grew by leaps and bounds. I learned to use the resources that are out there, like paper rater, the textbook and many other awesome websites and books. I learned what a rhetorical analysis essay was. Then believe it or not, successfully wrote two rhetorical analysis essays of my own. As the semester went on I feel like I grew more and more confident in my knowledge of the material. I honed my skills in writing by utilizing the meal plan and writing essays. I began the semester

Principles of Insurance Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Principles and Practice of Insurance. Answer: Insurance The insurance business is focused to protect the values of the financial assets of a person or an organization. Insurance is a type of saving which assist in protecting the people against several risks. The consumer perception regarding the value of the insurance organizations have changed dramatically due to several l factors. The millennial population no longer trusts on the insurance organizations after the 2008 financial crisis. The financial crisis resulted in reputation damage and loss of trust of a number of organizations. The consumers perceive the insurance companies according to the online services provided to them. The young population is digital-savvy so they look for the financial institutions which provide the best services to the consumers. The consumers below the age of 35 are more vocal regarding the service quality provided by these organizations. The consumers are also attracted towards the organizations which provide services at better pricing. The competitive pricing is an important factor for the insurance buyers. The companies should focus on providing competitive pricing in social bills, price, and rates for insurance claims. The value for money is integral in the advertisement and promotion as the customers are highly vocal regarding the savings and discounts offered to the customers. The consumer perception regarding the benefits provided by the organization is associated with the ability of the organizations to protect the basic rights of the consumers. There are four basic rights of the humans, namely, right to safety, right to be fully informed, right to be heard and right to choose (Buhler et al., 2016). According to EY Survey, the consumers have very low trust relationship issues. The insurers have a very high consumer turnover rate and a large number of consumers switch their insurance companies. Moreover, the traditional approaches of customer loyalty and dependability are not applicable to the insurance companies. It is possible that the consumers are loyal; however, they want to explore new options or new policies. Therefore, the companies need in-depth customer intelligence across different customer segments. In the insurance industry, the interactions between customer and insurer are very limited. Therefore, each instance of interaction can shift the perception of the customers toward the organization. In the insurance industry, the consumer perception depends upon the interaction of the insurance agents and agents in their limited meetings. It can be deduced that in the insurance industry, the consumers desire for meaningful, frequent and personalized interaction with the organization. Although digital and remote options are fast reaching; however, the consumers still gravitate toward traditional contact and interaction methods (EY, 2014). According to basic principles of insurance, for a risk to be insurable it needs to meet the certain criterion. It includes that the loss must be random in nature otherwise, the insurer will engage in adverse selection. Secondly, the insurer must be able to charge a premium which can cover the damage of insured as well as insurers expenses (Hillson, 2012). The nature of loss must be financially measurable and definite. When evaluating the mentioned scenarios against insurability, following results rare obtained: a) Rusting of unprotected iron structure is uninsurable risk as unprotected iron structure will eventually get damaged. Therefore, the loss is not random. b) The genetic defects which can affect 9 of 10 new born babies is not an insurable risk as there is high chance that the next male baby born into the family will be affected by the disease c) A person can be insured against cancer when he is completely healthy. The insurance amount will reflect the earnings and the emotional impact of the demise of the person d) The eventual obsolescence of a personal computer cannot be insured because it is an inevitable future. It is not a risk but a certainty and the insurance company will be harmed if it engages in such types of insurance. e) A person cannot get insured against losing money at insurance. It is due to the fact that a person cannot get insured against speculations (CTI Reviews, 2016). Today, insurance is an integral part of the society. It offers a variety of advantages and benefits to the people. Firstly, it protects the wealth of society. It protects against human wealth loss. The insurances also offer protection to stabilize the business condition and the financial position of the society. The insurance also reduce the social evils in the society. They maintain standard of living and rescue people who are hit by misfortune. Insurance plays a significant role in creating provisions for old age, sickness and disability of person. It also assists in distributing accidental loss in equitable manner (The Truth about Insurance, 2017). Insurance provide benefits to the individuals in the society in several ways which are discussed below. The most important benefit of insurance is that it provides immunity to risk. It provides payment to losses which can benefit to the individuals The second benefit of the insurance is that it manages cash flow uncertainty. Insurance provide payment for the covered losses whenever they occur. The individuals engaging in business actively engage in risks as the uncertainty of paying from pocket is reduced significantly. Another benefit of insurance for individuals is that it allows the people to engage in legal compliance as insurance requires statutory and contractual requirements and provide evidence of the financial resources. In business organizations, insurance encourages risk control activities. The insurance organizations provide incentives to create a loss control program within the organization. It also assists in the efficient use of the financial resources of the insured person. The insurer makes it unnecessary to put aside a financial amount to cover the losses due to exposure to any risk (Butler, 2012). References Buhler, P et al. (2016). The consumers view of consumer protection: an empirical study of the Swiss insurance market. Institute of Insurance Economics, 57. Butler, R.J. (2012). The Economics of Social Insurance and Employee Benefits. Springer Science Business Media. CTI Reviews. (2016). Principles of Risk Management and Insurance. Cram101 Textbook Reviews. (2014). 2014 Global Consumer Insurance Survey. Retrieved on 15 ay 2017 from https://www.ey.com/gl/en/industries/financial-services/insurance/ey-2014-global-customer-insurance-survey Hillson, D. (2012). Managing Risk in Projects. Gower Publishing, Ltd. The Truth about Insurance. (2017). What Are the Benefits of Insurance and Why Does It Exist? Retrieved on 15 ay 2017 from https://www.thetruthaboutinsurance.com/what-are-the-benefits-of-insurance/

SWOT analysis for cold stone creamery

Introduction Cold stone creamery is a company in the United States that specializes in ice cream. The company is located in Arizona and owned by Kahala Franchising (Duff, 2006). The major product sold by Cold Stone is ice cream. However, the company has a diverse menu and therefore, they sell other ice cream related products such as yoghurt and ice-cream cakes (Duff, 2006). This article discusses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and the threats that face the company.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on SWOT analysis for cold stone creamery specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Strengths Cold stone creamery ensures profitability by the location strategy. The company subsidiaries are mainly located in malls, in areas with high population and near movie theaters. The idea of strategic location ensures that the company is highly profitable (Cold Stone, 2008). The other strength of the company is in the market tar get. Compared to some of its competitors, Cold Stone Creamery provides an array of products, which enhance the customer experience. The experience enables the company to attract many customers thus have higher sales. In addition to this, Cold Stone uses technology to advertise its products. All the press release on the company is available in the company’s website. Therefore, accessing the company is easer due to the arched information. Moreover, the Cold Stone Creamery has an interactive website. Consumers can use this website to create interactive accounts where the consumers can get on different aspects of the company. Weaknesses The company has some weaknesses that slow down the profit making process. One of the weaknesses is the fact that the company has very high prices. Due to these high prices, some consumers are repelled. Another weakness associated with the company is the specification and service offer (Cold Stone, 2008). Each of the products offered by Cold Stone is made specifically to meet the tastes and preferences of the customer. This may sometimes lead to longer queues and complaints from customers about the services. Moreover, the company offers products that most consumers consider luxurious. Therefore, the probability of expanding in the future is limited due to the saturation of similar products in the market. Cold Stone is also dependent on franchising (Cold Stone, 2008). However, franchising training takes a long time and may discourage potential investors. Opportunities Cold Stone Creamery has various opportunities in the market. The prospect of expanding business in Tampa bay provides an exciting opportunity to the company. This may enable Cold Stone Creamery to increase their market share and maybe their profits. Another opportunity lies in the business on its own accord.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The compan y has the opportunity of being innovative and increase the number of flavors and the nutritional value of their products (Cold Stone, 2008). The American population considers the nutritional content in products before purchasing them. In addition to this, the company has the opportunity of expanding its market share through opening new stores in different areas of the country. Threats A number of elements are threatening the company’s survival. Recession affected the United States economy. This led to companies going bankrupt. Moreover, the economy affected Cold Stone creamery and therefore, threatened any further development of the company. Another threat facing the company is that people consider ice cream as an unhealthy food. Therefore, most of the people avoid ice cream and opt for a more healthy choice of food. This has led to a drop in the overall sales of ice cream. Another threat is in the competition. Cold Stone has a number of competitors who are trying all to clai m a portion of the market (Cold Stone, 2008). This represents a threat to the company’s survival. References Duff, M. (2006). Target, Cold Stone Creamery sign in-store deal. Web. Cold Stone (2008). Marketing Plan. Web. This case study on SWOT analysis for cold stone creamery was written and submitted by user Annihilus to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gainsborough Essay Research Paper Gainsborough A Story free essay sample

Gainsborough Essay, Research Paper Gainsborough, A Story of a Painter and an Era To be able to measure the originality of 18th century English art, one must acknowledge its importance in history. A great painter to research is Thomas Gainsborough. His graphics was an of import facet of the art community of the in-between 17 100s. His pictures seem to convey brightness and colour to a period in art that needed his originative encouragement. His combination of portrait pictures along with beautiful landscapes was non recognized in his clip, but would be recognized as singular subsequently in history. Thomas Gainsborough was born in 1727 in the town of Sudbury in Suffolk ( Internet 1 ) . He grew up as the boy of a carpentry male parent and his female parent was a instructor. He had 7 brothers and sisters, with whom he attended school until he was 13. He traveled to London and worked for a Silversmith. While there he saw many painters, he enjoyed it and began painting himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Gainsborough Essay Research Paper Gainsborough A Story or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was impressive that he began painting without any formal academic lessons ( Woodall 11 ) . In malice of that his work was really amazing and he published his first studies in 1747. He was greatly influenced by the great painter Sir Anthony Van Dyck before he decided that it was clip Jason Lucier English 105 12/13/99 for him to go forth the silverworker # 8217 ; s store ( Internet 2 ) . He married and had two girls, his love for painting continued on. His love for painting landscapes brought great pictures, but these were non popular plenty to gain a life. He had to paint portrayals to maintain an income. Gainsborough # 8217 ; s combination of both portrait manner picture and landscape picture was to give him a big part to his epoch of painters. Up until this point in clip, pictures were normally face shootings or on occasion full organic structure shootings. Gainsborough set out to alter this. Paintings and studies we most frequently completed indoors with a really simple background or in most instances no background at all. This did non involvement Gainsborough ; he enjoyed being able to paint topics # 8217 ; out-of-doorss ( Internet 4 ) . He was fond of pulling trees grass and other objects that would non be found in an indoor studio. He was non the first to pull backgrounds in his pictures ; many have done this before him. His undertaking was to paint a background that was merely every bit of import as the topics do but non deflect either. By painting out-of-doorss, his pictures became much more colourful that most pictures of the yesteryear ( Woodall 32 ) . Brighter pictures were much betterment over the pictures of the yesteryear. They were really oculus appealing and much more noticeable. Gainsborough # 8217 ; s untrained painter # 8217 ; s oculus did Jason Lusignan English 105 12/13/99 non consequence the result of his pictures ; he was painting from his bosom. He painted whatever his eyes saw ; in most instances the result of his pictures were a perfect mix of background and foreground. Peoples began to get down detecting his graphics even though he did non hold a grade or formal instruction in art ; this was really promising to the immature painter. His work easy moved up into the great graphics of the metropolis. His name was going known all about. He can get down his calling with the bright colourss he added to the scenery of the picture. One brilliant illustration of where the colourss and scenery effected a picture is in the picture # 8220 ; Mr. and Mrs. Andrews. # 8221 ; In my first scrutiny of the picture, many inquiries were brought up. One inquiry brought up was when I was gazing at the picture was how I noticed the many colourss used. While analyzing other pictures in this clip frame I have normally seen merely dark colourss, such as inkinesss and greies. The colourss that are used are dull and lacklustre. Now coming back to analyze Gainsborough # 8217 ; s works it is amazing to see how much bright, joyful colour adds to a picture. The civilization and manner of the epoch was altering, more colourful vesture, particularly the vesture of adult females. This is the beginning of the Age of Enlightenment and many alterations will take topographic point in this coevals ( Internet 5 ) . Jason Lusignan English 105 12/13/99 The picture, # 8220 ; Mr. and Mrs. Andrews, # 8221 ; was painted in 1750, a great clip for betterment in England. Gainsborough was at the pinnacle of his success ; 100s of different people were seeing illustrations of his work every twenty-four hours. His work was antic ; his pictures showed a new category and manner. The bright colourss of his picture were the first thing to catch my oculus when I examined the picture. These colourss seemed to demo how the aura about the picture was much happier because of its glare. The felicity that it begins to demo is merely one illustration of why I think the temper of the scene is really cheery. Although they topics do non hold elephantine smilings on their faces, they seem happy for othe R grounds. By reading into the history of this picture, I’ve found that these two people are married. In fact they have merely late married and they are get downing a farm and household of their ain ( Woodall 32 ) . Notice the colourss in the picture, the woman’s frock is a light bluish colour. It makes a truly nice lucifer with the blues in the sky. Accurate flesh tones and good lucifers to the remainder of the land and scenery made Gainsborough one of the Prime Minister painters in the center of the 17 100s. Along with the usage of many colourss the image says many other things about the clip in history, including vesture, arms, and even farming techniques. Upon re-examining the Jason Lusignan English 105 12/13/99 painting all of these things can be determined. This is really unusual for pictures of this clip. What they say is true ; images can state a 1000 words. One thing that jumps out of the picture is the topics # 8217 ; vesture. The vesture is really typical of what Europeans ; particularly those of England would hold worn. The lone interesting thing is what the adult female is have oning. It is non the normal mundane wear, but more of her best frock. His vesture is what a adult male would typically have on to either work on the farm or make his hunting. In either instance the picture is demoing really accurate illustrations if 18th century manner ( Woodall 32 ) . I came across the trade with manner and vesture in my first conversation with the picture. She had mentioned something about utilizing the money from the harvests to purchase vesture. That is how many households of the 1750 # 8217 ; s made it through the winter. Any net income that was made from farming or other concerns was used to purchase vesture and other necessities for the winter. An accurate word picture of life was found by merely peeking at the picture. After look up toing the female in the picture, the male comes into the image. He is dressed nicely and looks prepared for a Hunt. He is have oning a nice chapeau that is besides typical of the clip as seen in many other pictures of the clip. What comes Jason Lusignan English 105 12/13/99 to my attending is his gun it is a precise illustration of a gun that a in-between category male would have. It is a long barrelled musket and would be seen in many conflicts or wars ( Internet 6 ) . He is non rather a rugged adult male this merely goes to demo that he hasn # 8217 ; t been farming all that long. In old ages in front his difficult work will construct his musculuss up. Overall he appears to be the perfect gentleman and with his trusty Canis familiaris, he should be able to kill the sum of animate beings his household will necessitate for nutrient. This was besides brought up in my conversation with the picture. I had mentioned how she seemed to be keeping something in her lap, possible dead game. This fact isn # 8217 ; t really proven because the picture was non completed. The last spot of historical informations that I noticed is the picture was the cut hay in the landscape. This is a really good illustration of how husbandmans completed their farm responsibilities. The hay was cut and left to dry, it so had to be tied together by manus. This is much different than how husbandmans in the 20th century have machines to finish the work. Farm work was non an easy life. Many people did it and it created a big sum of money for the commercial husbandman ( Internet 3 ) . The survey of pictures can easy demo facts about the history behind it. I believe that a reasonably accurate word picture of the narrative of the people in the picture. Although an Jason Lusignan English 105 12/13/99 wholly right consequence is non ever given due to many different grounds, reading a picture is non every bit hard as it may look. In this specific illustration of art, an about perfect word picture of 18th century life is achieved. At first sight a picture may look confounding, but with merely a small conversation with it should hold all the inside informations figured out. Art is History. Bibliography Beginnings Woodall, Mary. Gainsborough. London: Phoenix House Limited, 1949. Internet beginnings 1 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jgainsborough.htm 8 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999. 2 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.encyclopedia.com/articles/04854.html 8 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999. 3 hypertext transfer protocol: //acker.cwrl.utexas.edu/~scoggins/britishprojects/eighteenth/economy.html 8 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999. 4 hypertext transfer protocol: //metalab.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/gainsborough/ 8 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999. 5 hypertext transfer protocol: //encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/4F/04F02000.htm? z=1 A ; pg=2 A ; br=1 8 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999. 6 hypertext transfer protocol: //tetrad.stanford.edu/hm/HorseNMusket.html 8 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999.

How to Write a Book Chapter Review

How to Write a Book Chapter Review Always begin the book review assignment by critically and actively reading the chapter that is to be reviewed. This does not mean that you read merely to discover the main points that the author is trying to make in the chapter and also, does not mean that you read to discover the facts in the chapter. You should engage with the text while reading and take note of all the important points. As you do so, underline those important passages so that when you begin writing the review, you will easily remember the most important places in the chapter, that you would like to mention. It is never a good idea to begin writing the review with no preparation. You should begin by writing a rough draft, consisting of all your notes taken while were reviewing the chapter. Before writing the draft, you could also outline you future review. Right down your ideas in the order in which they should appear in paper. This should then be followed by you over viewing the chapter and asking yourself a few questions the answer to which will help you to understand the chapter better. One such question is what the title of the chapter promises it will explore and the audience that the book is targeting. It is important to know the kind of audience even if you are reviewing only a part of the book, since it will give you an idea of what kind of language to use. You should then read the chapter of the book once again and afterwards, reevaluate its content. When you are reading the chapter and taking notes, always leave some space between the lines, so you can later add ideas or correct any misunderstandings. It is also important to mention, you should remember that it a review you are writing, not a critique, and certainly not just a summary. Be careful of what information you include, and dont overload the paper with your personal opinions. Be as neutral as possible. The quality of your book chapter review strongly depends on the effort you put into writing. Understandably, to put much effort in a simple review, the book should be interesting to you. In case you do not like the book, try to pick a chapter that caught your attention. And if you have no choice in the matter and you have no idea where to start, there is always the option of ordering assistance at our web site. Complete the order form in a few simple steps and pay for your order, and we will assign a suitable writer to help you with your problems. If you need professional book review help try our paper writing service!

Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Criminal Law - Essay Example The requirement for a defence of provocation was a sudden and temporary loss of control, which clearly favoured the impulsive and short – tempered individual. In general, the defence of provocation under the common law had been denied to individuals who had not acted spontaneously, consequent to the provocative action or words of the victim. It was also denied to people who were subjected to a sequence of provocative actions that finally caused them to kill their persecutor.2 In addition, a defence of loss of control is admissible, only if certain conditions are satisfied. These have been described in the Coroners and Justice Act 2009.3 One of the most important of these conditions is that the defendant must have lost self – control, due to a qualifying trigger. In R v Clinton,4 these issues were discussed in depth.5 Clinton appealed against his conviction for the murder of his wife. It was held that partial defence of loss of control, in murder cases, could not entirel y exclude sexual infidelity as a trigger for the violent act.6 Clinton had pleaded guilty to manslaughter based on loss of control or of diminished responsibility. A situation of an extremely grave nature that causes the defendant to believe that he has been seriously wronged can be classified as a qualifying trigger.7 However, the applicable statute, namely the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 had not included sexual infidelity as a qualifying trigger. As such, the erstwhile defence of provocation has been annulled and supplanted with a partial defence of loss of control. This was achieved, via the provisions of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009.8 An expansion has been achieved by means of this new defence, as it encompasses instances of loss of control occasioned by anger or outrage, and fear. This change was the outcome of the efforts of the Law Commission in the years 2004 and 2006, and which was finalised by the Government consultation paper of 2008.9 With regard to provocation, t he Coroners and Justice Act 2009, while considering the previous law, engenders a strikingly different approach and attribution of prominence that is the outcome of the deliberations of the Law Commission. However, the suggestions of the Law Commission have not been adopted in their entirety. The principal change recommended by the Law Commission was that the new partial defences relating to anger and fear were to be construed in a manner that required the abandonment of the loss of control. 10 Nevertheless, this recommendation of the Law Commission was not accepted. As such, the Law Commission had made a recommendation that required killing through fear and anger to be viewed from an entirely different perspective.11 This perspective was essentially founded on the notion of rejection of loss of control. Moreover, the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 describes the conditions wherein a qualifying trigger could be present.12 Objective evaluation is essential, in accordance with the requi rements of subsection 55(4) of this Act. At the same time, the prohibitions in subsection (6) of this Act served to complicate the process of objective evaluation. This latter subsection identified several features that were to be explicitly excluded from the class of qualifying triggers.13 In addition, the greatest difficulty was encountered with subsection 55(6)(c) of the

Self- Reflection Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self- Reflection - Personal Statement Example eating timetables was a habit that developed in me that was similar to building castles in the air; so much so that my timetables would sometimes have time set aside for the creation of more timetables in the future. The fact that I would make more than one (quite a few in fact) timetables meant that one could easily be changed for the other and I would not need to put in the effort that would be required so as to adhere to a particular timetable. The timetables that I created with the decreasing amount of time at my disposal started to become more and more impractical and thus made me increasingly desperate. This made a certain kind of desperation set into my mental makeup and I started thinking that I would never be able to do well in my studies. This points to another flaw in the strategy that I had drawn up during the last semester. The setting of impractical goals led me to the same point that impractical schedules did. A feeling started to set in my mind that made me feel that I would never be able to achieve my goals. With the passing of time, this feeling started to get worse and paradoxically, my schedules started to get even more hectic and unmanageable. Laziness is probably the root of much of the failure that I encountered this semester. To rectify this problem in most aspects of my life shall be an aim that I adopt beginning with this semester. To cultivate a work ethic that makes me accountable to myself would be one of the things that I would attempt to do this semester. As a result of this, I believe my grades would improve and I would also be able to understand how results are achieved and hence value labor as it should be. This would also prevent me from taking goals and targets lightly. I would be able to become aware of the fact that a victory is achieved through slow and steady hard work. Attempts at finding shorter routes to success cost me last semester and I would advise anybody who is a student to not attempt to find a substitute for hard

Ireland during World War I And the Role Britain Played Research Paper

Ireland during World War I And the Role Britain Played - Research Paper Example This essay stresses that after looking at the legislative measures passed during World War I and the events of Irish Revolution, it is evident that World War I was giving Britain too many problems. These developments ultimately gave the Irish people an opportunity to force Britain so that free Republic state of Ireland could be formed. This paper makes a conclusion that Britain followed a policy of sharp oppression in order to crush the rising. It was mainly fuelled by the belief that the rebels were acting with German connivance and help. However the execution of the revolutionaries by the government resulted in widespread public revulsion. This exacerbated the growing alienation of the Irish from the British administration. This in turn led to Irish popular support for the republican separatist movement Sinn Fein. Strong suppression of the Easter Rising by the British fueled popular support in Ireland for the Republican separatist movement Sinn FÃ ©in . It was due to this fact and the conscription crisis of 1918 that Sinn FÃ ©in was able to defeat the Redmondite nationalists in the general elections of December 1918 and won most of the seats. In short it can be said that the strong suppression of the rebellion alienated the British from the Irish. The political background of the Irish Revolution was set in the strong suppression of the rebellion by the United Kingdom. Strong suppression of the rebellion by the British Empire led to the fact that people of Ireland began to have sympathy for the revolutionaries and their agenda which led to the electoral victory of Sinn FÃ ©in.

Food Production: Using Lean Manufacturing Principles

Food Production: Using Lean Manufacturing Principles The main objective of the factories was to achieve high economic growth. The improvement in productivity has become need of food industry to take the competitive advantage of global market. The big problem or challenge to food industry is identifying the wastes and meet the market price by maintaining a good profit. The only solution is to reduce total production cost. Lean manufacturing is systematic approach to identify and eliminate the waste through continues improvements. This paper discusses how the production principles of lean manufacturing can be applied in food production to increased production efficiency and improvement productivity and quality. This paper first presents the lean concept and presents the implementation of lean manufacturing system on some organization. Three main factors that food production factories fear, poor and tacky quality, increase of production cost, increase in lead time. Production improvements should be based on the improvements of processes as well as operation. Problems can appear in any of the basic elements that constitute the production area. (Materials, workers, machines and tools, energy, methods, product). So I focus on lean manufacturing the program can help to improve in this area. Problem Statement Why and how companies should implement lean manufacturing in food production ? 1.3 Importance of the study The main aim of the study is to present the main idea of the Lean manufacturing system, and the benefit of applying it in the field of food production, and identifying the kinds of wastes in production process, and the effect of the Lean manufacturing on food production and presenting some examples of successful companies that implemented the Lean manufacturing. 1.4 Research Questions When organizations implement lean manufacturing, it is more likely to make positive on food production? 1.5 Research Approach The data collected in this research was stemmed from previous published articles. And present a successful example from companies will be achieved good results after implement lean manufacturing program. The main target of this paper is to be applied as guideline to food production companies in Egypt. II. Literature Review: 2.1 History of Lean Manufacturing. Many of the concepts in LM or lean production originate from the Toyota Production System (TPS) and have been implemented progressively throughout Toyotas operations starting in the 1950s. In 1980s Toyota had increasingly become famous for the efficiency with which it had implemented Just-In-Time (JIT) manufacturing systems. Now, Toyota is often considered one of the most efficacious and influential manufacturing companies in the world and the company that put the standard for best practices in LM. LM has increasingly been applied by leading manufacturing companies throughout the world, lead by the major automobile manufactures and their equipment suppliers. Lean Manufacturing is becoming an increasingly significant topic for manufacturing companies in developed countries as they try to find procedure to compete more effectively versus competition from Asia. 2.2 Lean Manufacturing. Lean Manufacturing is a set of tools and methodologies that aims for the continuous elimination of all waste in the production process. The main benefits of this are lower production costs; increased output and minimum production lead times. Some of the goals include: Utilization of equipment and area Use equipment and manufacturing area more efficiently by eradicating bottlenecks and maximizing the rate of production though existing equipment, while reducing machine downtime. Defects and wastes Reduce defects and unnecessary physical wastage, including surplus use of raw material inputs, preventable defects, and costs associated with reprocessing defective items and dispensable product characteristics which are not required by customers. Flexibility Have the ability to produce a more elastic range of products with minimum changeover costs and changeover time. Labor productivity Improve labor productivity, both by reducing the inactive time of workers and ensuring that when workers are working, they are using their effort as productively as possible Output Insofar as reduced cycle times, increased labor productivity and removal of bottlenecks and machine downtime can be completed, companies can generally significantly increase output from their existing facilities. Inventory levels Minimize inventory levels at all steps of production, particularly works-in-progress between production steps. Lower inventories also mean lower working capital requirements. Cycle Times Reduce manufacturing lead times and production cycle times by reducing waiting times between processing stages, as well as process preparation times and product. Most of these benefits lead to lower unit production costs for example, more effective use of equipment and space leads to lower depreciation costs per unit produced, more effective use of labor results in lower labor costs per unit produced and lower defects lead to lower cost of goods sold. 2.3 The Five Lean Principles The critical beginning point when changing a traditional production line into a Lean process is the determination of value from the customers points of view, which is significant as the goal of the Lean process is a line where every activity adds a specified customer value to the product. Having identified the value of products, the second step is to identify and map the value stream in the production line. Value stream mapping refers to the mapping of a products route and is explained in more detail further. The third principle is the connection of value creating activities in a continuous flow process. Every dilemma or batch and queue process must be avoided to obtain an uninterrupted flow throughout the production. The ideal production Flow is drawn on a map, and existing procedures changed and equipment relocated to reflect this. The fourth principle is not to produce anything upstream unless it is needed downstream. The principle is in contrast to batch and queue procedures, as seen in mass production, and aims to reduce the amount of resources locked up in inventories. It implies that production must be just-in-time, both internally between processes and externally when delivering products to the End-user. The fifth principle is about pursuing perfection through a continuous improvement. This is not only about creating a product that the customer requires with a minimum of defects, but also includes the perfection of every action in connection with the production process. It involves all employees as they know procedures the most and are closest to make suggestions for improvement. The involvement of everyone in the continuous improvement is what makes Lean a philosophy improving working processes is integrated in job routines. (Womack Jones 2003; Bicheno 2004). 2.5 The kind of waste in food production: Overproduction Producing elements for which there are no client requirements. The Lean principle is to use a pull system, or producing goods just as clients order them. Service organizations operate this way by their very nature. Industrialization organizations, furthermore, have historically operated by a Push System, building products to stock, without firm customer orders. Anything produced beyond the customer demand (safety stocks, work-in-process inventories, etc.) ties up valuable labor and material resources and hence is a waste. Waiting Time during production (service) when no value is added to product (service). This includes waiting for material, information, equipment, tools, stock-outs, lot processing delays, equipment downtime, capacity bottlenecks, etc. The Lean principle is to use a just-in-time (JIT) system- not too soon, not too late. Transportation Unnecessary moving and handling of parts. This includes transporting work-in-process long distances, trucking to and from an off-site storage facility. Lean demands that the material be shipped directly from the vendor to the location in the assembly line where it will be used. Material should be delivered to its point of use. Over-Processing Unnecessary processing or procedures than necessary to meet customer demand. Common examples multiple inspecting. Statistical process control techniques can be used to eliminate or minimize the amount of inspection required. Value Stream Mapping is another lean tool that can be used for this purpose also. This tool is frequently used to help identify non-valued-added steps in the process (for both manufacturers and service organizations). Excess Inventory Excess raw material, or finished goods. Inventory beyond that needed to meet customer demands negatively impacts cash flow and uses valuable floor space. Defects Scrap, rework, replacement production, and inspection. Production defects and service errors waste resources in four ways. First, materials are consumed. Second, the labor used to produce the part (or provide the service) the first time cannot be recovered. Third, labor is required to rework the product (or redo the service). Fourth, labor is required to address any forthcoming customer complaints. Total Quality Management (TQM) is one of the lean tools that can be used to for reducing defects. Excess Motion Unnecessary motion of people or equipment that adds to value to product (service). This is caused by poor workflow, poor layout, housekeeping, and inconsistent or undocumented work methods. Value Stream Mapping is also used to identify this type of waste. Tools like 5S, comfortable workspace design can be used to eliminate this waste. Underutilized People Underutilization of mental, creative, and physical skills and abilities of employees of the organization. Some of the more common causes for this waste include organizational culture, inadequate hiring practices, poor or non-existent training, and high employee turnover. 2.6 The Policy to reduce the waste Policy to reduce waste consists of several systems 1- Reduced Set up Time It reduced the time required to adjust the machines to produce a different product. A long time in the control of the machine means the need to produce large quantities of the same product and thus prevents us from reducing the size of the order, which in turn prevents us from inventory reduction and prevents us from the production process of withdrawing. Permission must be reduced machine set time dramatically. 2- Small Lot size Which is the size of the order per batch per production? If the size of each run command (order) significant meaning that we will store a lot of semi-finished materials, which do not want to do because we want to reduce inventory in general 3- Reduced Work in Process An inventory of the materials or parts that have passed the initial stage of production and did not pass to the latter. Reduce inventory this is essential in the philosophy of the policy of reducing losses because of its impact on the coverage of production problems and because it is a money investor. 4- Policy pull Production it means that production on the basis of need for the next stage of production and not on the basis of a specific production plan. The first production engineering stage not only produces and need permission from the production stage next and so on until the end of the production line. There is stacked production between stages. This is also known as Kanban card or card. 5- Quality Control Circles It is a work teams of operators and technicians are studying and solving quality problems and operation and maintenance. These rings are necessary to study the problems and uprooted from their roots and to involve all levels of work in solving problems. Quality control loops is a continuous development of methods Continuous Improvement, which is one of the basics of the Toyota system. 6- Total Productive Maintenance They maintenance system leads to increased availability of equipment and reduce breakdowns. This system is necessary to be able to reduce inventory of semi-finished materials and the implementation of the policy to withdraw production. Must be reduced dramatically sudden failure to implement these policies. 7- Group Technology It is a method designed to manufacture similar products in one place to reduce the transport time and wait in what is known as the cell manufacturing Cells. This method helps to reduce transfer times material from one place to another and make each group of operators responsible for different stages of the production for the same product that they have a kind of full responsibility for the product. 8- Multi Task Employees Meaning that the worker trained to do several tasks instead of one task. This method gives the flexibility to change the functions of working when needed. Note that this system is designed to reach the speed of response to customer requirements and thus there must be flexibility in employment as well so that you can change the functions of Group according to the requirements of the market. This method has a lot to do with technology group, where can one player that is running several machines. 9- Production leveling: Toyota system is designed to reduce the variables and produce small amounts of each product every day, so there is no need to produce large quantities of a product in one day. Reduce the change helps us not to maintain a large stock and makes the production process is running smoothly and regularity without significant changes. 10- Just In Time Purchasing it means of access to raw materials and production supplies when you need them quickly. This procurement policy is needed to reduce inventory and production development and reduce defects in products. To reach that there is a lot of things are applied, such as reducing the number of suppliers and to cooperate with them and compel them specific things in the style of their work. 11- Maintain a work environment 5S: It means arrange and organize and clean workplace and work tools so that you have access to the tools and information is accessible, fast and the site is a good place to work and safe at the same time. This method is called 5S relative to the Japanese words that mean organize and arrange and clean workplace. 12- Total Quality Control: There is a correlation between policies to reduce waste and total quality management both supports the other. To reach to pull production policy has to be to reach high levels of quality. Therefore, Toyota and Japanese companies have applied TQM or total quality control of the most important has been applied is the technical checks parts produced by himself in the sense that the product is scanned during each stage production by the operators themselves. It is the powers of the workers off the production line in the event of a quality problem. 2.6.1 The Benefits of reducing the waste Improved performance indicators such as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ reduce losses to a great extent à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ high product quality (in terms of compliance with specifications) any low percentage of defective products à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reduced time progress (which is the time to meet manufacturing orders) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ high inventory turnover rate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ very high flexibility to change production from one product to another à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ lower the sudden failure of equipment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ low additional cost Overhead cost à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ increase production capacity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ high accuracy to meet the supply orders on time for supply à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the speed of response to changing market à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ improvement of financial indicators in the long term, including the profitability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Improved morale of workers 2.7Quality in Lean Manufacturing 2.7.1. Reducing the Defect-Detection Time Gap The most important improvement that is made by a move from final inspections to successive checks to self checks is in the reduction of the time gap between creation of a defect and its detection. Figure 1 show how this time gap shrinks as one progresses towards self inspection Grinder Drill Lathe Mill Figure 1: the time lag includes all operations that happen In Figure 1, the time lag includes all operations that happen to the part after the defect Has been made and before the defect will be detected (more defective parts can be made During this time if the defect is due to a broken machine tool, improper machining method, Or other problems that do not create simply one isolated defect). Lathe Mill Figure 2: the time gap shrinks In Figure 2 the time gap shrinks to the length of time before the operator of the next Machine handles the part. In a job shop, this may be a significant quantity of time and if Parts are produced in batches; often the entire batch may have the same defect. However, In cellular manufacturing this time lag is small, since the queue is only one unit. Lathe Mill Figure 3: the time lag has shrunk down In Figure 3 the time lag has shrunk down to the amount of time that the operator spends On the given operation before he or she checks the part. Self-inspection produces visibility of the problem after the first defective part is made (if it is detectable). Catching defective parts prevents adding more value to parts that will be scrapped or reworked later. Clearly this reduction in time lag can lead to: quicker and easier detection of what the problem is that is causing the defect, reduction in wasted time in the form of value added to scrapped parts, and wasted time spent assembling a part that will have to be disassembled and then reassembled. Overall, quicker elimination of defect causing problems will result in a reduction of the number and cost of bad quality parts. 2.8 Productivity in lean manufacturing 2.8.1 Introduction The lean manufacturing focus on 20 keys I will present only key number 6 method improvement (Productivity) Figure 4 Relationship Diagram20 Keys 2.8.2 Definition Productivity is about how well resources are used. The other area of general consensus is that productivity is about the relation between output and input in any process producing goods or services. Productivity can be calculated as output divided by input P = O/I Where P = Productivity , O = Output and I = Input Output can be measured in different way tones, Kilograms or even output defined as standard minutes or hours 2.8.3 The components of productivity Productivity basically has two components: Efficiency Utilizations Utilization is about whether the resources available are actually used in producing the product or service. That is a machine might be available but if no product is scheduled to be produced then it is not utilized , or if product is scheduled to be produced for only 85% of the available time then utilization is 85% Efficiency . On the other hand, is about how well the resources are used while it is being utilized. The formula for productivity is then: Productivity = Efficiency X Utilization This formula can be expanded: Productivity = Output / Available hours, that is how much did we produce during the time that the resources were available Efficiency = Output / Hours worked, that is how much did we produce during the time that the resources were actually operating. Utilization = Hours worked / Hours available, that is for what percentage of time did we actually utilize the resources. 2.8.4 People. Plant- and process related issues impacting on productivity It is important to understand what issues typically impact on productivity as you can then look for the causes to why productivity is not at the level it should be. If productivity is not at the target level it can be explained in terms of the two components of efficiency and utilization that it can be either an efficiency loss or none utilizes time. This can be because of people, plant or process related issues. The following summary show typical examples of issues impaction on productivity. Efficiency loss: People Work method Work rate Effort ( motivation issues ) Skills Quality of work Plant / Process Speed ,idling ,minor stoppages Quality of product Non Utilized time People Plant / process Market demand Work rate Downtime Changeovers Table 2 issues impaction on productivity 2.8.5 Productivity Improvement an Integrated Approach Productivity improvement cannot be achieved by only implementing Kaizen operation. Figure 5 Productivity Improvement: An Integrated Approach Productivity increase and excellent quality can be achieved at the same time. 2.8.6 Implementing key 6 Implementing kaizen of operation requires the effective use of the CAPDo cycle. The CAPDo cycle is a simple management system for continuous improvement. One a plane for implementation has been drawn up, the actual training needs must be scheduled it is important to check regularly whether training targets have been met, and if not, the reason for this must be analyzed. Problem identified can then become actions for the next CAPDo cycle. Figure 6 CAPDo Cycle Check Company and every department against the map. Benchmark the company using key 6 map Check current productivity performance Analyze Identify process for improvement. The benchmark score. Productivity performance to identify priority processes to focus on. Plan Use the five steps methodology for process improvement. Put goals for all process Use the five steps methodology for process improvement. Plan the improvement using 20 keys plan. Do Implementing the plan Regular feedback from goals on progress Implement the plan for achieving the target. Check Restart the cycle through Reviewing the results of the plan on monthly basis Reviewing key progress with the map at least every six months Update skills matrix Continue Cycle of CAPDo improvement and celebrate success. 2.9 Actual Cases 2.9.1 Meal production in Glostrup Hospitals main kitchen, Denmark. The main hypothesis of this paper is that where any implement LM it is more likely to make positive on food production so I present lean principles can applied in meal production to increase the efficiency without reducing the quality of meal prepared. All lean principles and tools may not be equally applicable in food production, but it is important to consider this aspect when discussing the implementation of lean in meal production. Glostrup Hospital is situated in the greater Copenhagen area in Denmark. The central Kitchen is situated inside the Hospital grounds in a separate building, and every day, meals for approximately 1000 patients are produced and distributed from the kitchen. In 2005, the hospitals management took the decision that all services should be Lean, and to cut the costs of meal production, the kitchen was forced to replace cook-serve with cook-chill production and reduce the number of foodservice employees from 71 to 54. This brought about a need to review and optimize the production procedures to maintain both output quantity and quality. The change of production system to cook-chill also had an impact on the end-product quality as recipes and production procedures needed adjustments. Therefore, the systematic evaluation and improvement of product quality was given a high priority in the kitchen. The internal working environment in the kitchen was important to the manager as she insisted on maintaining this as a high priority during and after the rationalization process, and that increased efficiency of production processes was obtained by the optimization of procedures and not by making the staff work faster. Because of these reservations, the implementation of Lean was expected to result in both increased efficiency of processes and improved product quality while ensuring a pleasant working environment for the remaining employees. The implementation of Lean in the kitchen began shortly after the change to cook-chill processing and befo re procedures became routine. The kitchen produces most components of the meals themselves including breads, soups and processed vegetables. Previously with cook-serve production, there were separate production lines for hot meal components, vegetables, baked products, desserts and cold products for these meals, all items were prepared, processed and kept warm until service. Initially, when changing to cook-chill production, the separation of production according to meal was maintained with processed meal components being assembled into meals, packed and stored for up to 3 days before final distribution to hospital wards. The packaging was standardised in two, five or seven portions per pack, and the wards received the portion sizes equal to or the closest number above their actual orders. This practice of standardizing packaging was accepted by the management as a pragmatic practice of cook-chill production. The implementation of cook-chill production procedures called for a system atic evaluation of product quality. A graph on display in the production facility showing the daily number of comments on food quality was chosen as an expression of customer satisfaction with product quality. The number of complaints for each meal component, based on feedback received from wards and patients, was totaled and each day marked on the chart. This procedure was chosen as a way to ensure communication of customer product satisfaction to all employees. An internal quality control system was developed to reflect the need for adjusting recipes to improve meal quality after the change from cook serve to cook-chill production. It consisted of a three-color gradation of product acceptability where red refers to not acceptable; yellow, acceptable; and green, good. The testing of product quality was performed internally in the kitchen, and the products had to obtain a yellow to pass. This system was developed to visualize the progress of adjusting existing procedures to cook-chi ll production. As a result of the implementation the hospital realized some quick financial wins. Revenue increased 19%, eliminate wastes meals from 10% to 5% (England al.2009). 2.9.2 Implementing 20 keys in modern bakeries company (Rich Bake), Egypt. In 2008 modern bakeries company management took the decision that some production process should be lean. The company decided implement 10 keys from 20 keys Key1 cleaning organizing to make work easy. Key 2 Rationalizing the system / goal Alignment. Key 3 Small Group Activities. Key 5 Quick Changeover Technology. Key 6 Kaizen of operation. Key 9 Maintaining Machines Equipment. Key 10 Workplace Discipline. Key 11 Quality Assurance. Key 15 Skill Versatility and cross Training. Key 19 Conserving Energy and Materials. Table 3 present the 20key, s evaluation before and after implementing lean on modern bakeries company through 2 years. Key Base Line Level 2008 2010 1 1.8 2 2 1.5 2 3 0.8 1.2 5 1.5 1.8 6 1.5 1.8 9 1 1.3 10 1.5 2.3 11 2 2.5 15 1.5 1.7 19 1.5 1.5 Table 3: 20 keys evaluation Eliminate wastes from 3% to 1.8%. Increase productivity from 16KG Man / Hour to 18.5 Kg Man /Hour. 2.12 The enormous obstacles for food production in terms of adopting LM approaches to improvement. There is some problems face the food production companies to implementing lean manufacturing, generally as follows. Lack of a clear vision of the future Lack of patience and follow. Lack of persistent and challenge in leadership. Failure to link the processes in key 6 kaizen operation with normal work. Failure to perceive that lean is a viable strategy to help achieve competitive advantage. Lack of constant visibility by management. Failure of management to take a whole systems view of business and to see the connections between all processes. Persistent focus only on demanding results without a balance focus improving the processes that achieve the results. III- Research Methodology 3.1 Research Objectives The main aim of the study is to present the main idea of the Lean manufacturing system, and the benefit of applying it in the field of food production, and identifying the kinds of wastes in production process, and the effect of the Lean manufacturing on food production and presenting some examples of successful companies that implemented the Lean manufacturing. 3.2 Conceptual Framework Figure 7: LM Conceptual Framework 3.3 Research Question and Hypotheses 3.3.1 Research Questions Why and how companies should implement lean manufacturing in food production? 3.3.2 Research Hypotheses When organizations implement lean manufacturing, it is more likely to make positive on food production? 3.3.3 Independent Cost reduction, waste rate, revenue gains 3.3.4 Dependent Return on investment, profit in organization. IV Conclusion and Recommendation Conclusion Through the study found that there is a potential for the application of lean manufacturing system in food production and that explained by viewing experience hospital central kitchen in Denmark and experience modern bakeries company in Egypt, where the application of lean manufacturing system to gain increased efficiency ,quality, and productivity through the application of tools for lean manufacturing . . Easy to implementing lean manufacturing in big company that have systems for examples ISO9001, 2200, HACCP Easy to implementing lean manufacturing in small company but focus only 3 or 4 principles in the first stage . 4.2 Recommen

Report on an interview

On October 16th, I spoke with hypermarkets customer concerning the products and services that they are offering. The interviewee was 28 year old man, who is single and he is living with his parents and sister . Annual income of his family is approximately 80. 000 KM which is above average annual income per household in Sarajevo. His generally view on hypermarkets is positive and he thinks they are great because they offer a large selection of different products in one place. He regularly visits specific Hypermarket and he has chosen Mercator solely for the diversity of it’s products and brands, and the availability of everything necessary in one place. When it comes to choosing products to purchase, quality plays a critical role and price of the particular product is less relevant. When I asked him about Mercator’s line of products for personal hygiene, the responses could conclude that he does not like them because they are cheap and available to everyone, which he considers to mean lower quality. He likes to buy products with tested quality and brand name means a lot to him when deciding on purchasing a particular product. Based on the above I conclude that his motives for purchases are emotional, such as pride, attraction and status. Purchasing products of famous brands, he acknowledges his social status, for which he paid a higher price and he is sure that he receives and the higher quality. When it comes to product brand, which he prefers, rarely gives up the quest, and hardly find a particular product substitutes which represents the characteristics of loyal consumers. People who buy cheaper products, such as Mercator’s line of products for personal hygiene â€Å"potpuna njega†, he perceives as a lower class with lower income to whom quality is not at the first place, who primarily watch price of the specific product. Based on information gathered in-depth interview I can say that the influence of family, culture, and social status, at the attitude of respondents toward a particular product is very pronounced and depends primarily on financial and leisure habits. It should be noted that past experience is very important for him, and that future decisions about the purchase depends on his personal past experience. Listen Read phonetically He uses the Internet as a source of information about different products, but he does not visit a Web sites of domestic hypermarkets, because he thinks that they are not regularly updated and can not find new information by visitng them. And he's also never read the advertising post and promotional flyers. Listen Read phonetically Listen Read phonetically

Riba’ and Gharar

Prohibition of Riba’ Generally Riba’ means that prohibition on any interest. In Islamic Finance system, investors and lenders are strictly disallowed to charge or receive interest. In the Shari’ah, â€Å"riba† technically refers to the premium that must be paid by the borrower to the lender along with the principal amount as a condition for the loan or for an extension in its maturity. According to Chapra (2006), term of riba is used in the Shari‘ah in two senses. The first is riba al-nasi’ah and the second is riba al-fadl..The term nasi’ah comes from the root nasa’a which means to postpone, defer, or wait, and refers to the time that is allowed to the borrower to repay the loan in return for the ‘addition’ or the ‘premium’. Hence riba al-nasi’ah is equivalent to the interest charged on loans While, prohibition of riba al-nasi’ah implies that the fixing in advance of a positive rate of retu rn on a loan as a reward for waiting and no difference whether the rate of return is small or big, or a fixed or variable per cent of the principal.It is important to note that, according to the Shari‘ah, the waiting involved in the repayment of a loan does not by itself justify a positive reward. Gharar is known as unacceptable risk taking which is another fundamental principle of Islamic finance central to the structuring transactions. It also can be considered some level of risk remains a fundamental aspect of commercial life and risk allocation a necessary component of Islamic finance; only disproportionate risk, speculative trading and transactions meeting exceeding limitations.According to Tabari (2011) gharar may rise from unacceptable levels of settlement risk, inadequate or inaccurate information and complex contracts where multiple transactions are not identifiable with multiple independent contracts. Besides, according to Iqbal (1999) Gharar in a contract arises whe re there is a lack of knowledge or there is a reasonable doubt about the control of either party to the contract over the completion of the exchange. The best example of gharar is gambling which have kind of unacceptable risk and gambling is disallowed in Islam.As a consequence, the major terms and conditions, such as the price, subject matter or time of delivery, must be determined when concluding the corresponding agreement. The main reason riba is prohibited because it prevents people from undertaking real economic activities. For example when a person having money is allowed to earn more money on the basis of interest, either in spot or deferred transactions, it becomes easy for him to earn without bothering himself to take pains in real economic activities.This leads to hampering the real interests of humanity, because the interests of humanity cannot be safeguarded without real trade skills, industry and construction. It support by Siddiqi (2004), Riba corrupts society and ult imate effect is negative growth. It must be a reason why Islam prohibits gharar, according to Gurulkan (2010), in a general context, the unanimous view of the jurists held that, in any transaction, by failing or neglecting to define any of the essential pillars of contract relating to the consideration or measure of the object, the parties undertake a risk which is not indispensable for them.This kind of risk was deemed unacceptable and tantamount to speculation because of its inherent uncertainty. Speculative transactions with these characteristics are therefore prohibited. In conclusion, riba’ and gharar will cause negative in social economics and that is a main reason, Islam prohibit these elements in business transaction. Even though, the debate still continue but prohibit it will save economics.

How to Identify the American Beech

How to Identify the American Beech A beech commonly refers to trees of the genus Fagus  that are named for a god of the beech trees recorded in Celtic mythology, especially in Gaul and the Pyrenees. Fagus is a member of the larger family named  Fagaceae which also includes the Castanea chestnuts, the Chrysolepis chinkapins and the numerous and grand Quercus oaks. There are  ten  separate beech species native to temperate Europe and North America. The American beech (Fagus grandifolia) is the only species of beech tree native to North America but one of the most common. Before the glacial period, beech trees flourished over most of North America. The American beech is now confined to the eastern United States. The slow-growing beech tree is a common, deciduous tree that reaches its greatest size the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys and may attain ages of 300 to 400 years. North Americas native beech is found in the east within an area from Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia and  Maine. The range stretches through southern Quebec, southern Ontario, northern Michigan, and has a western northern limit in eastern Wisconsin. The range then turns south through southern Illinois, southeastern Missouri, northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, and eastern Texas and turns east to northern Florida and northeast to southeastern South Carolina. Interestingly, a variety exists in the mountains of northeastern Mexico. Identification of American Beech American beech is a strikingly handsome tree with tight, smooth and skin-like light gray bark.  You often see Beech trees in parks, on campuses, in cemeteries and larger landscapes, usually as an isolated specimen. Beech tree bark has suffered the carvers knife through the ages –  from Virgil to Daniel Boone, men have marked territory and carved the trees bark with their initials. Ed Reschke / Getty Images The leaves of beech trees are alternate with entire or sparsely toothed leaf margins with straight parallel veins and on short stalks. The flowers are small and single-sexed (monoecious) and the female flowers are borne in pairs. The male flowers are borne on globose heads hanging from a slender stalk, produced in spring shortly after the new leaves appear. Leaves and fruit from American Beech tree. Matthew Ward / Getty Images The beechnut fruit is a small, sharply three-angled nut, borne singly or in pairs in soft-spined husks known as cupules. The nuts are edible, though bitter with a high tannin content, and are called beech mast which is edible and a favorite wildlife food. The slender buds on twigs are long and scaly and a good identification marker. Dormant Identification of American Beech Often confused with birch, hophornbeam and ironwood, American beech  has long narrow scaled buds (vs. short scaled buds on birch). The bark has gray, smooth bark and has no catkins. There are often root suckers that surround old trees and these older trees have Human-like looking roots. American beech is most often found on moist slopes, in ravines, and atop moist hammocks. The tree loves loamy soils but will also thrive in clay. It will grow on elevations up to 3,300 feet and will often be in groves in a mature forest. Best Tips Used to Identify American Beech The bark is uniquely gray and very smoothThe leaves are dark green with ovate to elliptic  with a pointed tipThe side leaf veins off the midrib are always parallel to each otherEach of these side veins will  have a distinctive point Other Common North American Hardwood Trees ash:  Genus  Fraxinus  basswood:  Genus Tilia  birch:  Genus  Betula  black cherry:  Genus  Prunus  black walnut/butternut:  Genus  Juglans  cottonwood:  Genus  Populus  elm: Genus  Ulmus  hackberry:  Genus  Celtis  hickory:  Genus  Carya  holly:  Genus  IIex  locust: Genus  Robinia  and  Gleditsia  magnolia:  Genus  Magnolia  maple:  Genus  Acer  oak:  Genus  Quercus  poplar:  Genus  Populus  red alder:  Genus  Alnus  royal paulownia:  Genus  Paulownia  sassafras:  Genus  Sassafras  sweetgum:  Genus  Liquidambar  sycamore:  Genus  Platanus  tupelo: Genus  Nyssa  willow:Genus  Salix  yellow-poplar:  Genus  Liriodendron

Essay Sample on Significance of Technology to Business Strategy

Essay Sample on Significance of Technology to Business Strategy Pharmaceutical companies are considered as one among many stakeholders within the health care system that is contributing effectively to patients’ health care around the world and as well as these companies contributing to each country’s economy. From early times, each tribe depended on their ‘Medicine Man’ who was responsible in treating individuals within their community, applying witchcraft and some herbal medicine. With the advancing years and the appearance of empires and expansionism, physicians were able to collect herbs from the four corners of their empires, but the pharmaceutical manufacturing remained to be confined within individuals. However, after World War Two, and after the discovery of Penicillin companies started to pay attention to the importance of pharmaceutical industry and its ability to contribute to the national health care and economy. Thus, from the second half of the twentieth century, the pharmaceutical industry and the research revolving around it had advanced rapidly more than the last two thousand years. Nowadays, the pharmaceutical companies are investing millions of dollars into research in order to find cures and/or palliative treatments for patients suffering from severe and chronic diseases such as HIV, cancer in various forms, heart disease, diabetes, severe hyperlipidemia etc. Among the most recent research that pharmaceutical companies are concentrating on is the development of a high-tech medical device used for patients suffering from Diabetes Mellitus Type I. The research is still in its early stage where this device could be implemented under or attached to the skin, which is in the form of a pump, and could release insulin immediately in response to a decrease in the blood glucose level in the extracellular area to prevent hyperglycemic attacks. The research is concentrating on two phases: the molecular level of insulin, receptors, and signals, and how the pump could respond to the signals in order to release insulin from the pump and sent at a certain level, already the pump could measure the required dose, to the extracellular region. The other high-tech medical equipments that pharmaceutical companies are concentrating on in their research are those that are needed to treat autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematous disease, Scleroderma, mixed connective tissue diseases, Rheumatoid Arthritis, etc. As for these high-tech medical equipments their role in treatment, prevention or elimination of antigens are still in their primary stage and require extensive trials for many years in order to provide us with excellent data concerning their ability in eliminating the antigens, and preventing the development of antigens as a result of these diseases. However, they are still considered important high-tech medical equipments that could contribute tremendously in decreasing morbidities and mortalities, in general, among White Caucasian race as well as other nations suffers. At the same time, the financial returns for the pharmaceutical will be tremendous when these high-tech equipments are successful in being utilized by disease sufferers. As for the unit price for an insulin pump it should be affordable to all patients’ sufferers around the world irrespective of the GDP of each nation. While for the autoimmune equipments their purchase is dependable on health institutions rather than individuals; thus, their unit price could be unified to all countries as a one standard price. The financial budget that should be allocated for marketing their strategy, for these equipments, requires less promotion because the insulin pump could market itself by itself as the news of its success comes out to the public by being promoted by hospitals, medical centers, and community centers; the autoimmune medical equipments will be promoted by the health institutions by referring patients from the outpatient department to the medical centers those involved in operating these kinds of equipments. If and when these two researches succeed millions of people around the world will benefit from these methods of treatments by reducing morbidities and mortalities among disease sufferers. On the other hand, the pharmaceutical companies who are investing in these kinds of researches will generate millions or billions of dollars in revenues for the coming 50-100 years.   By using these technologies it will be a great benefit for mankind and a huge profit return for the pharmaceutical companies in maintaining their leading role within this industry. Since the world’s major important pharmaceutical companies exists in the western world and part of South East Asia and Far East Asia; thus, these countries will maintain in dominating and monopolizing the world’s manufactured medical technologies. This is a sample Business essay written by one of our academic writers. If you want to order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, dissertation/thesis, feel free to contact our company now.

Encountering The Old Testament Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Encountering The Old Testament - Term Paper Example The response of God to the injustice of humans is justice, implying that humans would always get whatever they wanted. It is evidenced that the evil are punished by God and the righteous are blessed by God. The redemption and mercy, which is developed in the stories of the Bible appear to be a contrast of the standard retribution. In different books, redemption is seen in two categories. In other situations, one individual forgives another through ignoring the offence of the other or by just forgetting the offence. Jacob goes back to his homeland immediately after cheating his own brother. In this case, we expect vengeance and hatred from Esau. However, Jacob is welcomed by Esau with an embrace, changing the expectations of Jacob despite the fact that Jacob had changed Esau’s fate. Apart from this, King David is seen to treat all his enemies with mercy and kindness, an act that appears as short-sighted in terms of dismissal of justice that is traditional. Another type of redem ption is used in the third party intervention as a sacrifice mediator to reduce the anger of God with wrongdoers. The frantic prayer of Moses in Mount Sinai made God to alter his mind and shift from having the Israelites destroyed.  In this case, the promise of God is a mirror of the acts of humans in the law of religion to forgive the sins of humans according to the offerings and sacrifices. The covenant of God with the humans includes all His promises to provide Abraham together with his descendants the religious laws and the Promised Land that is provided to the Israelites. On the other hand, the covenant takes after the ancient treaties and legal codes whereby a landowner identifies the vassal condition so as to protect the return on vassal. The covenant in the Bible does not represent a mere agreement but a relationship that is passionate

Minnesota Curriculum Integration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Minnesota Curriculum Integration - Assignment Example The faculty and the advisers are keen in the undergraduate curriculum since they work under the set and existing structures (Thurlow, 50). One of the structures that are emphasized a lot is the academic planning for the student in addition to the issues that face the student when studying. The executive leadership plays a major role in teaching the faculty and advisers on how they can study abroad and still emphasize student to partner with them abroad. Since the institution is interested in long-term impacts through the transformation in the undergraduate curriculum, they work for it through structures that are followed by the advisers, faculty and the learners (Nussbaumer, 40). They still work to ensure that they can get the behaviors concerning the student studying abroad and how the institution will be depicted internationally. The executives of the institution are administrators, vice chancellors, vice provost, vice president, the directors and core curriculum team. They work together to make sure that the goals set are achieved within the stipulated time (Mitton, 45). For the purpose of curriculum integration, the institution follows the principles set in along with discipline that is equipped to the learners. The set structures which exist are part and parcel of the institution model where they are followed to make sure that the student will benefit and study abroad without fear. One of the goals of Minnesota curriculum integration is to make changes in the institution, making sure that innovation is achieved where they are going to partner with others. Additionally, the goal of curriculum integration is to make sure that faculty or the advisers that are in abroad create well-educated learners and global citizens that will contribute positively in the national development (Hallinger, 32). Another goal is to make sure more increased scholarship abroad is achieved.

Compare and contrast Drucker and Whyte's analysis of corporate Essay

Compare and contrast Drucker and Whyte's analysis of corporate bureaucracy - Essay Example In this case, the organizations had to make some changes, for instance, there was an introduction of cheaper cars, fast foods and smaller housing units, which were meant for the nuclear family (Whyte, 1956). This also led to a situation where managers became risk averse (Whyte, 1956). This was evident from the decisions that they took in the companies. The managers believed that if they made less risky decisions, the decisions would have no consequence on the firms, even if they had the potential of giving the best outcomes to the company. The aim was to maintain things as they were instead of changing the corporate world because, if something went wrong, they were the ones who would take the blame, and in doing this, they would maintain their jobs for a long time. This was the main reason for the bureaucracy in the companies. Whyte focused his research on many companies in finding the results indicated above. Conversely, Drucker focused on one company in doing his investigations. Drucker had worked for General Motors for several years, and he focused on this company for his research (Drucker, 1946). He specifically reviewed what happened inside the company and how this affected the performance of the company. He also studied the management of the company and the decisions that they made in order to access what caused the success or failure of the company (Drucker, 1946). Therefore, Drucker was interested the power structure, managerial decisions and its autonomy, and how other people in and out of the company reacted to these factors (Drucker, 1946). According to Drucker, the bureaucracy in companies started from inside the organizations where management aimed to maintain control of the organizations through centralizing power (Drucker, 1946). The management could dictate everything that was to be done a nd their orders were to be followed

Early Years Foundation Stage for Childminding Essay Example for Free

Early Years Foundation Stage for Childminding Essay The EYFS is set to ensure all children in early year’s settings including children with disabilities and special needs have the best possible start in life which they deserve. A child needs to not only have a safe, secure and happy childhood but also one which is rich in positive parenting and high quality learning. These will provide the foundations and tools a child needs to reach their full potential. The EYFS must be followed by all early years’ providers to ensure that children learn and develop well and are kept healthy and safe. The EYFS is set to help prepare children for school, physically and emotionally and set a foundation for a positive progress through school and life. Children develop at a raid rate between birth-5 years and experiences between this time have a dramatic impact on their future. Key Points of the Early Years Foundation stage †¢ Good quality and consistent care within all early years’ settings to ensure every single child makes good progress. †¢ A secure foundation through learning and development opportunities which are planned around the needs and interests of each individual child and are assessed and reviewed regularly †¢ Partnership working between practitioners and with parents and/or carers †¢ Equality of opportunity and anti-discriminatory practice, ensuring that every child is included and supported. EYFS requirements for learning and development †¢ All Early year providers must help children work towards the early learning goals, the knowledge, skills and understanding a child should have by the end of the academic year in which they turn five. †¢ Shape activities and experiences within the setting to enable every child to have the best chance of reaching these learning goals. †¢ Set in place assessment arrangements and requirements for measuring progress and for reporting to parents and/or carers. EYFS requirements for safeguarding and welfare Early years providers must set in place requirements to ensure a child’s safety and promote their welfare taking into account the following points. †¢ Every child is different and unique and children who are constantly learning will become more confident, independent, and grow in self-esteem. †¢ Positive relationships enable children to be strong and independent †¢ A nourishing environment which responds to a child’s individual needs will enable them to learn and develop well. This will also be the case through a good strong partnership between parent/care and care giver. †¢ Children learn and develop in different ways and at different speeds.